![]() However, there appear to be many areas where this principle can be explored in social science research. The Goldilocks principle has been widely used in the medical science and psychology fields. Finally, studies of heat shock proteins show that Selye's generic definition is applicable to the stress response in all three phylogenetic domains of organisms ranging from bacteria to man. Furthermore, this article reviews relatively new stress concepts based on findings that (1) polymorphisms in certain genes involved in neurotransmission, as well as epigenetic factors, may determine individual susceptibility to stressful life events, and (2) fetal malnutrition may predispose individuals to the metabolic syndrome (obesity, hypertension, dislipidemia, and diabetes type 2) that has reached epidemic proportions in many countries. The concept of homeostasis, 'stability through constancy' as the main mechanism by which the body copes with stress, has given way to allostasis, 'stability through change' brought about by central neural regulation of the set points that adjust physiological parameters to meet the stressful challenge. This article explores the basis for these definitions and their validity, and outlines the neuroendocrine mechanisms that subserve the stress response. The first and most generic definition of stress was that proposed by Hans Selye: "Stress is the nonspecific response of the body to any demand." Other definitions have evolved to cater for different situations-for example, cognitive. Stress has a different meaning for different people under different conditions. ![]()
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